Arundel Castle
The Castle was built in the 11th century by Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Arundel. The gatehouse entrance was built in 1070; it was built on the "curtain" of the south wall. Near the south wall and the enterance was also where the domestic buildings were located. The fact that the domestic buildings were near the entrance, shows that the farther you were from the entrance the more important you were. In the 13th Century, the gatehouse was strengthened by the addition of a two-towered barbican. In King Henry I's will, the castle and land in the Southern Downs belonged to his second wife, Adeliza of Louvain. Three years after Henry I's death, Adeliza married William d'Albini II. It just so happens that d'Albini was the gentleman who built the stone shell keep on the motte. Arundel Castle is a motte and bailey castle. A motte is an artificial hill which is made by digging a moat and taking the dirt from that and putting it on top of an existing hill. A bailey is an "enclosed courtyard." Motte and bailey castle first began being built after the death of William the Conquerer, which was essentially the end of the Norman Conquest. Typically motte and bailey castles were near a river, on the highest ground, and overlooking a town or village. A motte and bailey was an easy and inexpensive way to build a castle, and also was relatively easy to defend in a battle. The fact that motte and bailey castles were easy and inexpensive to build, shows that a lot of them could be built and not have a major or signifigant effect on their economy. Also, the fact that the Normans introduced the motte and bailey castle to the English shows cultural diffusion. Specifically, the motte at Arundel was built in 1608 and is over 100ft tall from the bottom of the dry moat. Also, the baileys extend north and south along a "chalk spur."
